live - 60fps 1920 x 1080
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Canvas Orbital Trails</title>
<style>
/* Base page styling */
body {
background: #000;
color: #aaa;
font: 100%/20px helvetica, arial, sans-serif;
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
/* Full‑screen canvas */
canvas {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
}
/* Control panel styling */
#control-panel {
position: absolute;
top: 20px;
left: 20px;
padding: 10px 15px;
background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
border: 1px solid #333;
z-index: 2;
}
#control-panel p {
margin: 0 0 5px;
font-size: 12px;
}
#control-panel label {
font-size: 12px;
font-weight: bold;
}
#control-panel button {
display: block;
margin: 10px 0 5px;
}
#control-panel a {
font-size: 12px;
color: #fff;
border-bottom: 1px dotted #444;
text-decoration: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="control-panel">
<p>Click and drag to make more!</p>
<label>Trails: </label>
<input type="checkbox" id="trail" name="trail" checked />
<button id="clear">Clear</button>
<a href="https://codepen.io/jackrugile/pen/aCzHs" target="_blank">View Version 2</a>
</div>
<canvas id="c"></canvas>
<script>
// Polyfill for requestAnimationFrame
window.requestAnimFrame = (function() {
return window.requestAnimationFrame ||
window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
window.mozRequestAnimationFrame ||
window.oRequestAnimationFrame ||
window.msRequestAnimationFrame ||
function(callback) {
window.setTimeout(callback, 1000 / 60);
};
})();
// Prevent text selection while interacting
document.onselectstart = function() {
return false;
};
const canvas = document.getElementById('c');
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
let cw = window.innerWidth;
let ch = window.innerHeight;
canvas.width = cw * dpr;
canvas.height = ch * dpr;
ctx.scale(dpr, dpr);
// Helper to generate a random integer between rMin and rMax
function rand(rMin, rMax) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (rMax - rMin + 1)) + rMin;
}
ctx.lineCap = 'round';
let orbs = [];
const trailCB = document.getElementById('trail');
let trail = trailCB.checked;
const clearBtn = document.getElementById('clear');
/**
* Create a new orb object and push it into the orbs array. The orb
* calculates its own colour and position based on the distance from
* the canvas centre and uses polar coordinates for circular motion.
*/
function createOrb(mx, my) {
const dx = (cw / 2) - mx;
const dy = (ch / 2) - my;
const dist = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
const baseAngle = Math.atan2(dy, dx);
orbs.push({
x: mx,
y: my,
lastX: mx,
lastY: my,
colourAngle: 0,
angle: baseAngle + Math.PI / 2,
size: rand(1, 3) / 2,
centerX: cw / 2,
centerY: ch / 2,
radius: dist,
speed: (rand(5, 10) / 1000) * (dist / 750) + 0.015,
update() {
this.lastX = this.x;
this.lastY = this.y;
// Determine colour angle from position relative to centre
const x1 = cw / 2;
const y1 = ch / 2;
const x2 = this.x;
const y2 = this.y;
const rise = y1 - y2;
const run = x1 - x2;
let slope = -(rise / run);
let radian = Math.atan(slope);
let angleH = Math.floor(radian * (180 / Math.PI));
if (x2 < x1 && y2 < y1) angleH += 180;
if (x2 < x1 && y2 > y1) angleH += 180;
if (x2 > x1 && y2 > y1) angleH += 360;
if (y2 < y1 && slope === -Infinity) angleH = 90;
if (y2 > y1 && slope === Infinity) angleH = 270;
if (x2 < x1 && slope === 0) angleH = 180;
if (isNaN(angleH)) angleH = 0;
this.colourAngle = angleH;
// Update position along circular orbit
this.x = this.centerX + Math.sin(this.angle * -1) * this.radius;
this.y = this.centerY + Math.cos(this.angle * -1) * this.radius;
this.angle += this.speed;
},
draw() {
ctx.strokeStyle = `hsla(${this.colourAngle},100%,50%,1)`;
ctx.lineWidth = this.size;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(this.lastX, this.lastY);
ctx.lineTo(this.x, this.y);
ctx.stroke();
}
});
}
// Handle user input to spawn orbs
function onMouseDown(e) {
const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
const mx = e.clientX - rect.left;
const my = e.clientY - rect.top;
createOrb(mx, my);
canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', onMouseMove);
}
function onMouseMove(e) {
const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
const mx = e.clientX - rect.left;
const my = e.clientY - rect.top;
createOrb(mx, my);
}
function onMouseUp() {
canvas.removeEventListener('mousemove', onMouseMove);
}
function onToggleTrails() {
trail = trailCB.checked;
}
function clearOrbs() {
orbs = [];
}
canvas.addEventListener('mousedown', onMouseDown);
canvas.addEventListener('mouseup', onMouseUp);
trailCB.addEventListener('change', onToggleTrails);
clearBtn.addEventListener('click', clearOrbs);
// Initialise orbs around the centre
let count = 100;
while (count--) {
createOrb(cw / 2, ch / 2 + (count * 2));
}
// Main animation loop
function loop() {
requestAnimFrame(loop);
if (trail) {
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,0.1)';
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, cw, ch);
} else {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, cw, ch);
}
for (let i = 0; i < orbs.length; i++) {
// Update and draw each orb multiple times for smoother paths
for (let j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
orbs[i].update();
orbs[i].draw();
}
}
}
loop();
// Handle resize events
window.addEventListener('resize', function() {
cw = window.innerWidth;
ch = window.innerHeight;
canvas.width = cw * dpr;
canvas.height = ch * dpr;
ctx.scale(dpr, dpr);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>About this animation
Orbiting particles with trailing effects.
Under the hood
Canvas Trail Fading (`globalAlpha`)
Instead of clearing the entire canvas every frame with
clearRect(), this script paints a semi-transparent black rectangle (ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,0.1)'; ctx.fillRect()) over the screen every frame. This natively causes moving objects to leave gorgeous, fading comet trails. 
